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Discuss Major Theories Of Human Development And Learning...

Discuss major theories of human development and learning, including MÄ ori and Pasifika perspectives. This essay will discuss Jean Piaget, Lev Vygotsky and their theories as well as critical points from their theories and explain how they relate back to each theory. It will discuss how both of these theories can be applied to work in relation to a role in the Early Childhood sector. It will include Dr. Rangimarie Pere’s studies in education and how they compare to those of Piaget and Vygotsky. This essay will also link the chosen theories back to Te WhÄ riki and the New Zealand early childhood curriculum. Lev Vygotsky believed that social and cognitive development work simultaneously to build and evolve on one another. He believed that social, cultural and personal experience cannot be detached from each other and many things influence the way children learn and develop, not just their own experiences, thus Vygotsky’s socio-cultural theory. Vygotsky’s ideas were and remain controversial as he had no specific training in psychology or children’s development. His preeminent contribution to children’s development is his recognition of the value of progressing knowledge by means of interaction with educators, peers and family (Mooney, 2000, p. 83). The major ideas of Vygotsky’s theory are scaffolding and the Zone of Proximal Development (ZPD). Scaffolding is a process Vygotsky described as the framework or temporary support for children’s learning. In order for scaffolding toShow MoreRelatedMemory842 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿ Memory 1. Discuss the process of memory. In particular, discuss The different types of memory and relate each one to a Personal experience. In psychology, memory is the process in which information is encoded, stored, and retrieved. Encoding allows information that is from the outside world to reach our senses in the forms of chemical and physical stimuli. In this first stage we must change the information so that we may put the memory into the encoding process. Storage is the second memoryRead MoreEssay about Human Growth and Development1057 Words   |  5 PagesHuman Growth and Development Peter Nyarkoh PSY/280 July 17, 2010 Khurshid Khan Human Growth and Development Human growth and the life span perspective begin from the day of conception and continue throughout the life span. It is a lifelong process which involves periods and domains of very great importance. Psychologist, sociologist, and others have done many researches into the life span of humans and have made various conclusions as to how humans behave at any given time in the life spanRead MoreSocial and Moral Development Essay1092 Words   |  5 Pagesintellectual, social and moral development of infants at birth and as they grow into adults are through the developmental theories. Some of the developmental theories are sexual development, social development and moral development. Both Jean Piaget and Lawrence Kohlberg view similarities as well as differences between the theories they each believe in regards to the development of a child social and moral development. Jean Piaget put forth the theory of cognitive development wherein he establishedRead MoreCognitive and Social Learning Theories793 Words   |  3 Pages2, Cognitive learning theory and Social learning theory 2.Question2, Reinforcement theory, Constructivism theory and Sensory stimulation theory 3.Question 3 4.Referencingâ€Æ' Question 1 Define the concept LEARNING (10) Learning refers to ones change in knowledge or behaviour as the outcome of experience. Learning is an process that does not stop. Ones learning curve continues for the lifetime of the individual. Most learning happens through experience eg. training. Learning is ones developmentRead MoreCognitive Development: Multiple Intelligences1536 Words   |  7 Pagesoverview of Gardner’s Theory of Multiple Intelligences (MI). I will also discuss the merits and critiques of the theory in the field of cognitive development. I will also discuss the applicability of Gardner’s theory to my personal development. The final section will cover the application of the theory in a counselling framework. This will be supported by discussing theoretical orientations that would best adopt application of Gardner’s theory. Theoretical Overview Gardner’s theory of MI offers an alternativeRead MoreHow Do the Major Theories of Child Development (Known as the ‘Grand Theories’) Explore the Importance of Social Experiences?1675 Words   |  7 PagesHow do the major theories of child development (known as the ‘grand theories’) explore the importance of social experiences? Social experiences play a vital role in the development of children. Theories of child development have been created to help us to understand how children’s minds develop, taking into account the differences between cultures around the world. Some of these theories explore the possibility that children gain knowledge, develop new concepts and bridge new ideas through interactionRead MoreJean Piagets Theory of Development1080 Words   |  5 PagesJean Piaget’s theory is basically cognitive and developmental and most of his studies were based on his three children, he called this the clinical method. This method was used in interviews with patients by asking them questions and observing their behaviour. Whilst using this method he learnt that children under 7 years use different principles to base their judgments on compared to older children. Piaget would use the interview responses for following questions he could ask. The method at firstRead MoreJean Piaget s Theory And Theory1673 Words   |  7 PagesWhat is a theory? A theory is an organized set of ideas that is designed to explain development. These are essential for developing predictions about behaviors and predictions result in research that helps to support or clarify the theory. The theorist I am choosing to talk about is Jean Piaget who discovered the cognitive development theory and who broke it down into different stages. The different stages are the sensorimotor stage, the preoperational stage, the concrete operational thoughtRead MoreClinical Report on Lewins Field Change Theory1453 Words   |  6 Pageswill examine two components related to my learning goal and my clinical placement at St. Michael’s hospital. First, the knowledge component will entail a critical review of five evidenced-based scholarly journals related to change and the Electronic Medical Record (EMR), incorporating the strengths and limitations of each study. Then , I will discuss the chosen framework and its use to guide my nursing practice and achieve my learning goal. Next, I will discuss the application component by providingRead MoreTechnology and Teacher Readiness According to a recent study by the U.S. Department of Education,1700 Words   |  7 Pagesstudent learning can dictate its use, or lack thereof. â€Å"Educators are urged to incorporate technology into instruction, but the effectiveness of educational technology is determined by teachers’ readiness to use it, not by its mere presence in the classroom.† (Jones, 2001) Much research has been done regarding the lack of technology implementation in schools. The common thread is the inability of connection for teachers between technology tools, and how they impact student learning. Learning Theories

Managing the Political Factor Huawei in Australia

Question: Describe about the Managing the Political Factor for Huawei in Australia. Answer: Summary of company Huawei Company or the Huawei Technologies Co. Ltd. is established as the Chinese multinational telecommunications equipment, networking and services organization set in Shenzhen, Guangdong. Huawei is said to be the huge telecommunication parts maker, which overtook Ericsson in 2012 and influenced whole world. During its founding, Huawei aimed mainly at developing cell phone essentials, and also has stretched its trade to comprise: making telecommunications channels; giving equipped and conferring services and tools to venture inside china as well as outside of China; and developing connections equipments for the buyer market. Porters five forces for making business profitable Huawei applied these forces analysis to create a framework for making effective business strategy and recognize competition. Porters five forces include: Risk of new competitor Danger of an alternate goods or services Negotiate power of buyer Negotiating strength of provider Power of cutthroat contention These forces are used by Huawei to accomplish their mission/vision for the future goals, which are: Consumers first Commitment Regular development Wideness initiative Comprehensive team work Reliability Hence, the objective of an organization gets achieved by implementing these five forces, which effectively play the key role in formulating every business strategy. Strategic plan (current) for achieving goals Huawei strategic plans demonstrate Huawei market sections and the plans they will apply to attain customers and make a tough income flow. These strategies have a unique aim to make or market the cell phones with additional incredible aspects that provides Huawei the benefit as compared to their rivals by providing consumers a fresh outlet to avail cell phones handling. Their marketing plan entirely based upon implementing these aspects in their plan, which includes: Size of market Competitive rivalry scope Prices of phones Accumulation several features in one phone Fresh technology development Life cycle phases Original cell phone pattern Services 1 Australian governments treatment of Huawei has been fair because of some serious national security issues, which Australia faces. It is also due the reason that the Australian government didnt consider Huawei a genuine contender as a competitor in Australian market. It is described that Huawei have faced few significance victories in Australia. Huawei has emerged as the modern cell phone network for third-huge cell phone operator in Australia, which is Vodafone Hutchison Australia. It also has appeared as the chief provider to Optus. Huaweis discrepancy is also viewed as inheriting the international angle. Huawei also faces the other problem, which is the absence of clearness. As it seems to be unrealistic when it comes to assume defense bureaus to give entire information of selection making methods to the general; the absence of clearness avoids Huawei from reacting to or denoting the legislations concern. Regarding the security issues of Australia, it seems to be most significant step for Huawei to provide an absolute reason that what loss does it faces if gets banned in Australia. International business has radically lowered the price of cell phones. Gradually more, the gadgets and every type of internet-enhanced equipments, as well as Chinese devices will not be used. The current appearance of this device over the series of industries planning becomes difficult; subsequently it is not challenging to predict important business issues occurring. Hence, the clearness and the reliability are the key aspects when it comes to face such problems. 2 - SWOT Analysis of Huawei in Australia offers a planned SWOT study of a firm's trades and functions. It represents the strengths, weakness, opportunities and threats. It can also give competitive benefit in the market. This firm has the vast range of equipments, modified, developed and consistent. It aid Huawei to pursue more operators and telecom firms to assist with them. They introduced their newest equipment as 4T4R operator junction. It enables operator to perform several task immediately, providing them very huge meeting and hence conducting condition proficiently. Strengths Existing allocations and sales channels Lowers workers costs Domestic environment Hurdles of entry in market Financial support Weakness Upcoming cost pattern Opportunities Constant increment in income level Developing economy Project capital Threats Labor cost increment Developing of rivalry and minimizing profits Cash stream Continuous growth in interest Economical ability Technological issues Increasing costs of raw resources Tax alteration It gives an appropriate answer for several coverage issues, permitting consumers to have an even edge among any alteration of network union. Considering the major aspects that Huawei has, which caters them to attain their objectives is getting the delivery and technology from most renowned corporations. 3 The SWOT analysis directs you to recognize the pros and cons, internally and externally of the company. Management staffs, policy executives and program managers can apply this reserve to aid with both decision making and strategic planning. The SWOT analysis will help in giving viewpoints, and expose relation and segment for actions. Attaining the complete information of the condition can cater with both decision making and strategic planning. Its process was uniquely developed for trades and industry; rather it is even feasible in the processing of the society health and development, personal development and education. It is not only applied as the evaluation technique, but it is also used to track the long report of usefulness. It can be used for appropriate approach for the condition by comparing it with the other process in the society toolbox. Its main positive features are its application to the different hierarchy levels of procedures and its simplicity. The main motive of processing this analysis is to expose positive forces which work together and possible issues that require to be resolved or even identified. Earlier than conducting a SWOT analysis, decide which type of layout or format should be applied to connect these problems most transparent for employees. It is also used as the tools for the general SWOT type which one can apply to evaluate analysis. No matter what format is used, however, it is not surprising if the positive and negatives don't accurately go with up to the chances and risks. One may require to refine, or may seek to basically view at the information from different dimensions. It definitely assists in providing appropriate patterns. 4 The legislative political bodies of Australia have avoided Huawei from their important contracts. Their political problems may continue for longer term to get resolved, rather there are several other factors to lower down the political aspects. Their corporate political strategies of tough and flexible asset in Australia can be affected adversely. They experimented by recruiting the domestic board, which neither gave access nor satisfied Canberra of the assurance to appropriate practice business authority or communal liability. Their consumption of progressive mobile technology as well as tactical collaborations with many telecom companies, joined with the flexible endorsement of rock shows by Coldplay, which not created the company to any further extent suitable than hosting meeting on digital addition provided by the legislative minister liable for undulating out the network of National Broadband. During work, there exist several satires. Huawei, as the crucial provider of platf orm, is better known of the strengths of the networked community to influence change. The union of technology as well as communal media performance is converting politics over the world. An unsolved issue appears as whether Huawei with their origin in the communitys freedom force is a viable unit or business sleeper for Huawei political preference. Certainly, the corporate political strategy of Huawei in Australia reveals the goals in accomplishing business authority values. On gravitas and integrity of that appointed to join the legislation, definitely a rough, if scheduled, evaluating the particular ASIO matters connecting to Huaweis functional structure and the risks it might or might have revealed to the national defense. Current situation 2016 Huawei has emerged as the top international information as well as communications technology (ICT) result provider. Over their commitment for customer-oriented modernization and Tough Corporation, they have recognized end-to-end profit in telecom channels, equipments and cloud figuring. They are dedicated to create large value for their customers by giving them the competitive services and solutions. Their goods and services have been installed in across 170 nations, catering more than third part of the total world count. Huawei have across 180,000 workers, about 80,000 of them are working in R D. Huawei stands tall among other telecom companies due to its unique way of thinking about the future. They covered the whole market by devices till telecom business to envelop calculating and meeting solutions, they accurately observe on each connection in the series with ICT depending improvement to provide an effective future... rapid. Respective to the Huawei, its revenue of the Ethernet switches rapidly increases worldwide by 33.2% currently. It is considered as the highest between all the telecom providers. It has rises for the very prime time and has got the tag of tough performer in The Forrester. It is the single china depended provider need to be estimated in this crucial present study. Conclusion Huawei in Australia have applied larger attempts and depleted considerable capitals on society involvement. Huawei is conscious of the significance of this action, as well as CSR widened in their corporation functions and continual advancement. Frequently, they seem to be highly encouraged to be better business people, attracted by the requirement to behave morally, administer their partners and fulfill institutional needs. It covers the vast diversity of society involvement perform on Chinese firms in Australia are recognized and apparent. Hence, they apply several practices comprising, activities and programs and initiatives, and they extensively aims on education, entrepreneurship advancement and employment. References Barnes, R., Collins, N. (2013). Social aspects of the closure of Century Mine. Brisbane: Centre for Social Responsibility in Mining, Sustainable Minerals Institute, The University of Queensland, Australia. Ahrens, Nathaniel (February 2013). "China's Competitiveness Myth, Reality, and Lessons for the United States and Japan. Case Study: Huawei" (PDF). Center for Strategic and International Studies. Retrieved 3 October2014. "Huawei has opened its RD center in Istanbul on 27 February 2010". Carroll, A. B., Shabana, K. (2010). The business case for corporate social responsibility: A review of concepts, research and practice. International Journal of Management Reviews. "Chinese firm opens technology training center in Indonesian college". ASEAN-China. Xinhua. 12 April 2011. Department of Environment and Primary Industries. (n.d). What is community engagement? Retrieved 1 December 2013. "Huawei sign up Arsenal star Alexis Sanchez | Soccerex". www.soccerex.com. Retrieved 2015. Foreign Investment Review Board. (2013). Australia's Foreign Investment Policy (2013). Huang, X., Austin, I. (2011). Chinese investment in Australia: Unique insights from the mining industry. "FISE World Chengdu 2014". Retrieved 2016. KPMG, China Studies Centre, (2014) Demystifying Chinese investment. "Huawei and Imperial College Open Data Science Innovation Lab". Datacenter Dynamics. Retrieved 2014. Lakin, N., Scheubel, V. (2010). Corporate community involvement: The definitive guide to maximizing your business societal engagement. Standford. "CES 2016: Huawei unveils Mate 8 with Kirin 950 chipset". Tech Desk. January 8, 2016. Liu, G., Eng, T.-y., Ko, W.-w. (2013). Strategic direction of corporate community involvement. Journal of Business Ethics. "Huawei to focus more on smartphone business". The Korea Times. Retrieved 2014.

Recognizing Pain In Elderly People With Dementia †Free Samples

Question: Discuss about the Recognizing Pain In Elderly People With Dementia Who Are Living In The Nursing Home. Answer: Description of health issues: Dementia is a common health issue in elderly people and it significantly interferes with normal daily life activities. The disease is associated with gradual deterioration in memory, communication, reasoning and judgment skills, ability to focus and visual perception. However, cognitive problem is not the only challenge for care givers of elderly people with dementia. In nursing homes, it has been found that 50% of elderly people have dementia and recognizing and assessing pain such people is very challenging (Hadjistavropoulos et al., 2014). Many barrier to pain assessment is seen because of personality changes, memory loss and impairment if judgment and abstract thinking skill in elderly people. Error in assessment might also occur because sometimes symptoms attributed with dementia are actually an indication of pain in patient. For example, dementia patients may display aggressive behavior when they experience pain and the care may mistake it as a symptom of dementia (Lichtner et al., 2014). Hence, considering unique challenges in recognizing pain in dementia patient, this report proposed developing a health promotion strategy to improve pain assessment of elderly people with dementia. The focus is mainly on female patients with dementia as women are at greater risk from dementia than men (Knapton, 2017). Evidence based strategy for health improvement: The evidence based strategy that is proposed for mitigating the barrier in pain assessment and managing pain in elderly patient with dementia is the use of sense-making theories to interpret pain in nursing homes. The strategy of using intuitive perception is considered important to mitigate the barrier to pain assessment because pain assessment tool does not provide the information that nurse need to recognize pain in patient. Hence, using the sense making theory may help to develop the intuitive knowledge of carer in nursing homes and improve their decision making regarding pain recognition and management. The theories of sense-making focuses on giving meaning to experiences and interpreting information from those experiences (Dowding et al., 2016). Hence, this approach can be used in nursing home to use intuitive skills to recognize the characteristics of cognition in elderly women dementia. This form of decision-making is highly dependent on interaction with patient and the highe r interaction, the more information is gained regarding level of pain in dementia patients. Mamykina, Smaldone, Bakken, (2015) also support the benefits of the sense making theory in management of chronic disease by using the framework of sense making for diabetes self-management. Hence, instead of relying on the technology and clinical tools, this health promotion project encourages carers observe patients behavior and make sense of those information to manage chronic diseases. Overview of the strategy: This health promotion strategy proposes developing the intuitive perception of nurse or care or elderly people with dementia by the application of the sense making theory and supporting them to recognize and assess pain in such patients. Sense making is mainly dependent on a persons ability to make sense of the phenomena (patients behavior or expression in response to pain), construct mental representation of that phenomenon and using this to guide action. This enables developing a pattern related to behavior of dementia patients during pain, discovering connections associated with pain and then engaging in appropriate management activities to reduce pain interaction, the more information is gained regarding level of pain in dementia patients (Mamykina, Smaldone, Bakken, 2015). Hence, in the context of recognizing pain the in dementia patient, the implementation of this health promotion intervention is dependent on extensive training of staffs and their experience in caring for deme ntia patients in nursing home. In nursing home, sense making theory can be applied for recognition of pain in dementia patients in the following ways: Nurses must be trained to build mental patterns of the patients behavior with time. The advantage of this approach is that it will support the nurse to identify the behavior or characteristics that indicate pain. Three necessary sense making strategies that will be necessary for the nurse to recognize pain will include perception of new information related to expression of pain in patient, development of inferences from certain behavior of patient and carrying out appropriate strategies to manage pain (Dowding et al., 2016). There is also need for collective work of the team because cognitive activity cannot be individual person and group of individuals monitoring the patients behavior and health status may give good information regarding identification of pain and cause of pain (Goodwin et al., 2014). As pain assessment in elderly dementia patient requires more cognitive power, it is necessary that organization routines and boundaries also support carers to devote time in identifying behavioral patterns of dementia patient. Therefore, redesigning the system of care will be necessary to promote care of elder adults with dementia (Callahan et al., 2014). With the use of sense making approach, the nurse can collect cues related to patient patterns of pain. Some of the signs of pain may be recognized by behavior, vocalization of pain and scores on formal assessment tools. Hence, pain assessment tool is not totally excluded in this intervention, instead this also informs about the pattern related to pain event in elderly patient. In response to this information, clinician or nurse can identify the experience as pain and implement necessary action to manage such patient situation (Dowding et al., 2016). Health promotion approach model to be used for the strategy: The above mentioned strategy is mainly based on the model of recognition-primed decision model (RPD). This model defines the process needed for effective decision making during complex situations. It can regarded as an effective health promotion approach model for dementia patients because this model also supports taking intuitive strategies such as pattern recognition to take proper action. The role of cognition is critical in improving safety of patient in nursing home setting and the RPD model will support the nurse to effectively recognize and manage pain of elderly adults (Lighthall Vazquez-Guillamet, 2015. The model will promote health promotion activities for dementia patients in nursing home because it also combines the intuitive and clinical information processing components to improve health status of individual. This is relevant to the sense making approach needed for recognition of pain and using this model as a framework will give direction to nurses or carer regarding the pain recognition and assessment process. Description of health promotion activities: To successful develop the skills of nurse in pattern recognition related to pain recognition in elderly dementia patients, the following health promotion activities will be necessary: Firstly, it will necessary to develop the cognitive skills of nurse and carers so that they engage in pattern recognition and develop intuitions regarding the behavior that is an indication of pain in patient. Hence, training sessions will mainly use the cognitive forcing strategies to encourage nurse to monitor dementia patients and increase their competency in using heuristics for identification of pain (Lichtner et al., 2016). The key resource required for this health promotion activities include pain assessment tool, appropriate behavior characteristics form of patient, training materials related to strategies needed for pattern recognition and follow up form to inform about patients behavioral patterns. The training and material and pain assessment tool is critical for carers because training material will enable nurse or carer too characterize patients behavior related to pain and tools will give information regarding pain levels and type of pain (Newton et al, 2014). Secondly, behavior characteristics form will inform the staffs about the individual response of patients to pain and this will be useful in communicating the information to other staffs involved in care of that patients too. The training activities will be collected prior to the implementation of activities and the process of intuition to collected cues related to pain will be done in nursing home. This health promotion project will need investment in the area of relevant pain assessment tool for dementia patient and covering the training cost. Evaluating the success of the strategy: The main objective of the use of sense making in recognizing pain in elderly people with dementia is : Eliminate the barrier to recognition of pain and assessment of pain such as misinterpreting patients behavior in response to pain as symptom of dementia Getting all the cues related to specific behavior that is an indication of pain in patient Recognizing the factors that is the cause of pain in patients (Lichtner et al., 2016) The success of the project will be determined by taking the feedback from the nurses or carers regarding the use of sense making approach for pain recognition. If they express that challenges in pain assessment has reduced after this approach, then this intervention can be continued for long term too. The next aspect is related to evaluating the outcome of dementia patient after the recognition of pain. Insufficient training or education regarding effective pain assessment is often a barrier to pain recognition and the outcome of patient may give an indication whether cares have been successful in conceptualizing pain situations of dementia patient or not. Secondly, the level of use of pain assessment tool is also critical for this pain assessment project because pattern recognition is also dependent on effectively measuring pain levels (Chacko, 2014). References Callahan, C. M., Sachs, G. A., LaMantia, M. A., Unroe, K. T., Arling, G., Boustani, M. A. (2014). Redesigning systems of care for older adults with Alzheimers disease.Health affairs,33(4), 626-632. Chacko, V. (2014). A Project to Empower the Staff Awareness in Best Practice Approach to Pain Assessment in Dementia. Dowding, D., Lichtner, V., Allcock, N., Briggs, M., James, K., Keady, J., ... Closs, S. J. (2016). Using sense-making theory to aid understanding of the recognition, assessment and management of pain in patients with dementia in acute hospital settings.International journal of nursing studies,53, 152-162. Goodwin, N., Dixon, A., Anderson, G., Wodchis, W. (2014).Providing integrated care for older people with complex needs: lessons from seven international case studies. London: King's Fund. Hadjistavropoulos, T., Herr, K., Prkachin, K. M., Craig, K. D., Gibson, S. J., Lukas, A., Smith, J. H. (2014). Pain assessment in elderly adults with dementia.The Lancet Neurology,13(12), 1216-1227. Knapton, S. (2017).Women at greater risk from dementia than men.Telegraph.co.uk. Retrieved 7 September 2017, from https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/health/news/11754402/Women-at-greater-risk-from-dementia-than-men.html Lichtner, V., Dowding, D., Allcock, N., Keady, J., Sampson, E. L., Briggs, M., ... Closs, S. J. (2016). The assessment and management of pain in patients with dementia in hospital settings: a multi-case exploratory study from a decision making perspective.BMC health services research,16(1), 427. Lichtner, V., Dowding, D., Esterhuizen, P., Closs, S. J., Long, A. F., Corbett, A., Briggs, M. (2014). Pain assessment for people with dementia: a systematic review of systematic reviews of pain assessment tools.BMC geriatrics,14(1), 138. Lighthall, G. K., Vazquez-Guillamet, C. (2015). Understanding Decision Making in Critical Care.Clinical medicine research,13(3-4), 156-168. Mamykina, L., Smaldone, A. M., Bakken, S. R. (2015). Adopting the sensemaking perspective for chronic disease self-management.Journal of biomedical informatics,56, 406-417. Newton, P., Reeves, R., West, E., Schofield, P. (2014). Patient-centred assessment and management of pain for older adults with dementia in care home and acute settings.Reviews in Clinical Gerontology,24(2), 139-144.

Competitive Environment of M.I.C.E Tourism in Vietnam Essay Example

Competitive Environment of M.I.C.E Tourism in Vietnam Essay The Five Forces model of Porter will be applied in this part ?Bargaining power of customers Although there are some strong competitors are also providing M. I. C. E, the market in the North is joined by very few players. Therefore, the choices for Northern customer are somewhat limited. Despite the fact that they may come to Saigontourist of FidiTour in the South but it seems to be no convenient and cost effective. Hence, the bargaining power of customers in the market for NACI is at moderate level. It is also notable that for M. I. C. E tours, customers are more likely to come back for more if they satisfied, so that brand loyalty exists. As the result, the company should try to provide the customer with the value they demand and together with reasonable post purchase services, NACI may win their hearts. ?Bargaining power of suppliers In the context of an M. I. C. E tour, the suppliers would be ticket providers, transportation companies, and some related services providers. The number of these players is not small. Therefore, company can have many options when deciding these suppliers (most of them) and the cost of switching is not quite significant. On the other hand, some suppliers have relatively high power. For example, if NACI order the flights from Vietnam Airlines, and due to some economic influences; they may change the faire and the company still has to take the price even when they cannot renegotiate with customers about the changes in transportation cost. Therefore, the bargaining power of suppliers over NACI may vary due to the type of services/ products they provide to the company. Threats of new entrants Vietnamese Government tried to promote the country as the destination for tourism; they even paid nearly $280 thousand for an advertisement on CNN about Vietnamese attractions (Vietnam Travel, Vietnam tours with foot prints, 2008). Also in the focus point, the development of M. I. C. E is encouraged by government policies. Although the demand for this type of tour is increasing s teadily, the market is still very new and very promising. However, as the matter of fact, any tourism company want to offer and operate an adequate M. I. C. We will write a custom essay sample on Competitive Environment of M.I.C.E Tourism in Vietnam specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Competitive Environment of M.I.C.E Tourism in Vietnam specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Competitive Environment of M.I.C.E Tourism in Vietnam specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer E tour would be required to have high investment in term of infrastructure, distribution network, relationship, etc. Besides, since the business of M. I. C. E is B2B type, the customers (business clients) are more likely to come again if they satisfy with the value the received. By building up this relationship, business customers can have higher certainty on what they paid for. And brand loyalty exists. Therefore, the market is still open for new players, but not anyone can become new entrants. One must have strong financial situation and expertise to compete in the industry. Threats of substitutes The feature of the M. I. C. E tours is gathering customers in one location in a combined package including business and entertainment activities; and customers may come from different places. Therefore, there are no other tours that have similar functions in the industry; and company will not have to worry about the threats of direct substitutes. On the other hand, due to the hard conditi on of economic, many companies and organization might want to cut the cost, while the expenditure of activities in M. I. C. E tours can be quite significant. Hence, these companies might think of using advance of information technology instead of using the traditional M. I. C. E tour. That technology is called voice IP it allows people to talk and even see each other over the internet from different locations. By using it, people can still holding virtual conferences without gathering in a real physical place. The advantage of this technology is lower cost, more convenient. However, people will not have the entertainment elements as in the traditional way; besides, virtual communication does not ave effect like a face to face one. Therefore, this is somewhat possible but not clearly a substitute ?Competitive rivalry within the industry Main operation areaStrengths achievements SaigontouristSouth VietnamHave been doing business for more than 30 years, The name Saigontourist have become well-known in the industry, and they are considered as one of the largest tourism companies in Vietnam. Being a member in the M. I. C. E Vietnam is also on e of their advantages in the market. FiditourSouth VietnamEstablished in 1989, known as Tan Dinh Trade Travel Service Co, they have good experiences and commerce support. Fiditour is also a big tourism company which name is known in some oversea countries. CITESouth VietnamEstablished in 1999, Best Travel Agency Indochina 2008 rewarded by Travel Weekly (Asia) Although there are some tourism company in the North of Vietnam are providing tours that have some features of M. I. C. E, however, none of them were able to offer the full package to customers. Comparing to the Southern competitors, its parent company is also well established and owing a wide relationship network. Besides, the company itself will have a five star resort being completed in year 2008. And one important thing is that NACI’s main operation area is focus on the North of Vietnam while the other three big competitors are doing business a little far away in the South. Hence, it would be reasonable to have a positive thinking that the market in the North is still open for NACI to launch this new tour.

Mall Observation Essays

Mall Observation Essays Mall Observation Paper Mall Observation Paper Shopping Mall Observation A sociological observation was conducted at Manhattan Village mall from 5:48 P. M. to 8:00 P. M. on Saturday, September 18, 2010. There were many different types of ethnicity and different ways of how people act. On the observation day, there were many people in groups of three or more. People tend to just worry about themselves and their own group. Many families brought little kids and let them play around the water fountain. People are so unique in so many ways such as different cultures, views, an d perceptions. In order to communicate and adapt to a new culture, people must learn to understand signs, norms, and social control. These three factors are important and touch almost every aspect of social life. According to Kerry Ferris and Jill Stein in The Real World: an introduction to sociology, a sign is â€Å"a symbol that stands for or conveys an ideaâ€Å"(101). Signs are price tag, a slow down sign, numbers, and etc. All signs convey information. Signs are the most common and they make everyone’s life a little easier. Gestures is an example of signs. Gestures are usually have to do with body movements. Even though signs are everywhere and all around, some people have to learn in order to understand what they represent. For example, during the mall observation, there were many sale signs outside of the stores. Those signs are very powerful because they attract customers and persuade them to come in. Sale has many meanings like what is on sale and how many percent off of that particular item. People are being tricked because these signs are big, easy to see, and outside of the stores. One couple walked by Gap store, they saw a sign saying, â€Å" 25% to 50% off on Summer Apparels†. They saw the sign so automatic their minds started to be curious and nosy. They went in, came out with one bag, and looked happy that they got a good deal. Another example was when the girl asked a security where to look for an elevator in Macys. She spoke broken English so the security showed her to look at the directions on top. These directions are signs and pictures to guide people. Signs are very important because some people would be lost without them. Norms are â€Å"the rules and guidelines regarding what kinds of behavior are acceptable and appropriate within a culture†(Ferris and Stein 104). According to Ferris and Stein, some norms are informal and formal. Informal norms are unspoken and formal norms are laws or rules. There are many norms that can’t be written but as humans being, people learned them quite well. To be specific, an informal norm in the mall would be standing in line to buy ice cream. People are waiting to buy ice cream patiently, no one is allow to cut in front of anybody. Another example of informal norm is invade people personal space. When walking around the mall, people are all scattered everywhere. Do not walk close to them or touch them because they will be irritated. Informal norms are no need to be written down because society teach people to follow it. As for formal norms, they are rules and laws. Formal norms are written down and expected to be follow. However, some people are going to break these rules or laws. Basically, everybody know that no pets are allow in the mall. There was a lady, probably in her early thirty, brought a dog and tried to hide it in her purse. Of course, the security caught her and asked her to leave the mall. She knew not to bring her dog in the mall but yet she did it anyways. Then another boy broke the rule by wearing a jacket with a hood in the mall. Hats, masks, and sweaters with hood are not allow. Everyone needs to show their face and not try to hide anything. The boy listened to the security and took off his hood. However, if the security sees that the boy puts the hood on again, then he has to leave the mall. These norms are important in the shopping mall because the mall should be a safe place for everyone to hang out. If there are no norms, people would trash the mall and the mall is no longer a safe place to hang out. Social control is â€Å"the formal and informal mechanisms used to increase conformity to values and norms and thus increase social cohesion†(Ferris and Stein 105). Everybody needs to follow and obey the rules or there will be consequences. However, social control is established by sanctions. According to Ferris and Stein, sanctions are â€Å" a means of enforcing norms†(105). There are positive and negative sanctions. Positive sanctions are approval such as handshake, smile, praise, or reward. Negative sanctions are disapproval like harsh words, fine, or even jail. Some examples of positive sanctions are when the employees greet and shake hands with the customers. Also, this one young girl picked up a piece of trash and put it in the trash can. The janitor came and said thanks. Some of the negative sanctions examples are when one little boy got asked if he took some candies. The boy was about ten year old and he took some candies from Godiva. Even though the security did not arrest him but the boy was ask to leave. The boy received some harsh words from the security. Also the lady brought her dog broke the rules so she has to be punished by leaving the mall. Social control and sanctions are important in a shopping mall because they give order and everyone must follow. Without social control and sanctions, people would do whatever they want and there will be chaos. This mall observation was a great learning experience. This world would be crazy and chaos if there are no signs, norms, and social control. People would disrespect one another and there would be no order. This observation was interesting because it gave knowledge about human social activity. All people are trying to obey rules and regulations. However, there will always be someone who breaks the rules in order to adapt to a new culture.

Crime and Punishment in UK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Crime and Punishment in UK - Essay Example The criminal Justice act 2003 was enacted to reduce the crime by deterrence and by taking the preventive steps like supervising in the licence period and taking into custody when there is a need. The minimum time prescribed for a sentence in murder cases and the permission for a trial in the absence of a Jury, the compulsion on the persons called for Jury duties, the custodial periods, the steps taken for reducing re-offenders, custody plus, the new discretionary powers for the Jury, the role probation agencies in reforming the convicts, the permission for the retrial are some of the new clauses included in the law and generally after three years of enacting the law, there is a need to analyse the effect of it and to which extent it was showing its extra effect than the previous laws. In the backdrop of increased sentences in the last ten years and decrease of the fines and community punishments the deterrence attained by implementing the law is to be discussed.First of all there sho uld be a reason for passing a sentence or giving punishment which reduces crime or offer deterrence. The public protection should also be considered and it was considered in the act. Some Judges or magistrates feel that the act gives a practical tool for improving their decision making capacity.1 A bench which is to present a report does not like to observe the details of the punishment given. But the effort to establish rapport between bench and probation by the act is capable of showing the real positive effect. The bench now is provided with a chance to know the decisions taken at the time of probation. But the process is too complex, but is valuable. Crime and punishment in UK The judges decide the punishments in individual cases. This can be termed as independence of Judiciary. But the independence is not the one that makes an escape from the responsibilities. The sentencers may think at the time of the sentence that the punishment given may help in reducing the crime and offer deterrence. But it is not the whole thing which can reduce and deter crime incidence. There should be provision in the law to make all the agencies of the Justice system work in coordination to bring reform in the convicts and attaining the reducing rate of crime. If the Judges think that just judicial independence is the panacea, then the system will suffer and the purpose is not served. How ever the provision of liaison between the judiciary and the probation agencies is capable of bringing the change in the offenders who commit crime and serve sentences from less than 1 year to more than 2 years. The reduction of crime and deterrence depends upon the factor that up to which exte nt the convict was reformed. Generally the rate of repeating crime in the persons convicted in murder cases will be very less (not nil) as a person convicted for more than 10 years, though not reformed, may loose the capacity of committing the murder. It may not be true in all the cases here it was mentioned to make a point that the reformation is more necessary in the case of the persons sentenced for the period of months to 2 to 4 years. The reformation brought out in these persons can be a tool in hand for the system to reduce the crime incidence and to attain the required deterrence. The Judiciary/probation liaison was provided in the act for this reformation, but the extent of its implementation will result in the range of reformation. But it can be known that the sentencing by the Judges and magistrates in all the levels of the courts increased and the community punishments and fines were decreased,1 telling the fact that the liaison was not working up to the mark or it may ta ke some more time to show its effect. Though the courts of England and Wales have more probability of imposing penalties other than custodies, in the last decade the custodial sentences increased. The community sentences were also resulted in the community punishments.2 In the last ten years the custodial sen